The client makes API calls and sends a JSON object as an input by appending the JSON into the request's body or params. NoSQL databases are preferred over SQL because of the ease of working with JSON documents rather than relational-style tables. The de-facto database software that works with JSON is MongoDB. The server then maps the API calls to database queries for retrieving or storing data. The communication between the client-side and the server-side is usually in terms of JSON objects. The REST API can be built on top of Node/Express stack, PHP/Laravel, ASP.NET etc. The front-end code runs in the browser and then makes API calls to the REST endpoints. The client-side usually includes popular front-end libraries like Angular, React, Vue.js and D3. Web applications built on top of the modern stack use a single-page app architecture that follows the 3-tier pattern shown below:
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